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It was a silly article, going out of his way to create a bug and then blaming it on the thing he just intentionally broke.
But doing things with C++ that rely on platform/compiler specific details is explicitly allowed, and frequently necessary. The C++ specification alone does not make enough guarantees to result in a useful system - intentionally, so that the details can differ.
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Voluntarily removed - posted in wrong forum...
modified 3 days ago.
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37 Questions asked in 2 months starts leaning towards a "Help Vampire". You have not shown us in your code above what you have tried apart from 4 lines of code, which oddly looks AI generated. Please tell us what you have researched so far on how to add second primary menus. If this errors, show the error and we will gladly assist from there.
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I’m trying to display an animated bitmap in a win32 application with GDIplus. Last time when I talked about this here I was told I should invalidate a rectangle to force the App to refresh/draw another frame. I’m trying to understand the theory for now. I will come up with code in a day or two if necessary. My question is do you create and invalidate between beginpaint and endpaint a rectangle that has no particular purpose or does it have to be a rectangle that actually does something.
I’m having a difficult time understanding the connection between a rectangle and the rendering process of a win32 api window
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Roughly speaking, the invalidated rectagle will be redrawn in the next WM_PAINT call (other parts of the client area are not redrawn). So, if you need to update a portion of the client area then invalidate the corresponding rectangle and then call UpdateWindow().
In simple scenarios you can invalidate the entire client area and then call UpdateWindow().
See, for instance: Invalidating the Client Area - Win32 apps | Microsoft Learn[^].
"In testa che avete, Signor di Ceprano?"
-- Rigoletto
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Basically I need a rectangle taking the whole window for my game, I think I understand, I’ll post a followup if I’ll run into trouble setting things. Thank you.
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You are welcome.
"In testa che avete, Signor di Ceprano?"
-- Rigoletto
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The only things you should be doing between BeginPaint and EndPaint is redrawing/rewriting the parts of the client window that may have changed. Outside of the WM_PAINT handler, you decide which part (or all) of the window needs to be repainted. You then set those values into a call to InvalidateRect, which will post a WM_PAINT message to your message queue.
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>The only things you should be doing between beginpaint and endpaint
I was thinking to disregard everything that was rendered in one frame, and then render things all over again. Keeping track of pieces that visually change in my game ( if that’s what you mean) seems like a burden at this point.
So far I’m only looking for a way to trigger a new paint event
modified 5 days ago.
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You are welcome to do that, but it may affect the performance in certain scenarios.
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It all seems a bit odd until you understand that everything in Windows is message driven. For each message type that you handle you need an event handler, for all the others just let Windows deal with them.
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Hope nobody gets uptight with basic question...
Here is how QT .pro "links" with BT_Utility_Library,
now I need to add "include" CORRECT BT_Utility_Library header.
I will freely admit that I have newer mastered "../.." - whatever it is called -
and intelisense is not helping.
Can you help me ?
Thanks
unix:!macx: LIBS += -L$$OUT_PWD/../../../CCC_SOURCE/BT_Utility_Library/ -lBT_Utility_Library
INCLUDEPATH += $$PWD/../../../CCC_SOURCE/BT_Utility_Library
DEPENDPATH += $$PWD/../../../CCC_SOURCE/BT_Utility_Library
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single dot is the current directory, double dots are one level UP (closer to the root directory) from where you are. So backtrack to the root and then go down the correct path.
I’ve given up trying to be calm. However, I am open to feeling slightly less agitated.
I’m begging you for the benefit of everyone, don’t be STUPID.
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Adding to what the other reply said.
Salvatore Terress wrote: -L$$OUT_PWD/../../../CCC_SOURCE/BT_Utility_Library/ -lBT_Utility_Library
In that '$OUT_PWD' is a directory.
Then each '..' moves UP the directory tree. So it moves up three levels.
Then it expects to find CCC_SOURCE
Whether it does so depends on whether '$OUT_PWD' is set to a correct value.
This can be further complicated by whether '$OUT_PWD' is a full directory or a partial directory. So if it is something like './MyStuff/Programs' (where the dot is important) then it is a partial directory. But if there is no dot then it is a full directory that must exist at the root of your file system.
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Each double dot means move up to the parent of the current directory. The variable $$PWD will refer to the current directory, when this statement is processed. So assuming a project tree like:
home
-- terress
-- dev
-- myproject
-- btsamples
-- test -> assume this is $PWD
then the above statement will expect to find BT_Utility_Library in a directory named CCC_SOURCE in /home/terress/dev.
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To add to what the others have said, the same convention is used in Windows as well. At the command line, if you type cd ..\.. you move up 2 folders from the current one (assuming that you're at least 2 levels deep).
"A little song, a little dance, a little seltzer down your pants"
Chuckles the clown
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Update / followup
This is how .pro (QT project file) is "linked" to libraries. OK
unix:!macx: LIBS += -L$$OUT_PWD/../BT_LIBRARY/CCC_SOURCE/BT_Utility_Library/ -lBT_Utility_Library
INCLUDEPATH += $$PWD/../BT_LIBRARY/CCC_SOURCE/BT_Utility_Library
DEPENDPATH += $$PWD/../BT_LIBRARY/CCC_SOURCE/BT_Utility_Library
unix:!macx: LIBS += -L$$OUT_PWD/../BT_LIBRARY/CCC_SOURCE/TEST_DIALOG/untitled_TEST/ -luntitled_TEST
INCLUDEPATH += $$PWD/../BT_LIBRARY/CCC_SOURCE/TEST_DIALOG/untitled_TEST
DEPENDPATH += $$PWD/../BT_LIBRARY/CCC_SOURCE/TEST_DIALOG/untitled_TEST
These are header files
#include "bt_utility_library.h"
#include "BT_Utility_Library_global.h"
#include "../untitled_TEST/mainwindow_test_dialog.h"
the
mainwindow_test_dialog.h
is liked "one up " and then use "subproject"...level
So my question remains
are linking library project "path"
NOT
related to linking "include " path ?
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Salvatore Terress wrote: are linking library project "path"
NOT
related to linking "include " path ?
They are linked in the sense that both are required to build your application, but in another sense they are totally separate. Header files are used by the compiler to generate correct calling code to external class methods and functions, but with the actual addresses of the function incomplete. Library files are in two parts. The first are required by the linker phase to provide the actual addresses of the external methods and functions. The linker calculates the real addresses and plugs them into your code so all the calls actually work. The second part, the code in the library files that does the work, can be in one of two places. Firstly it may be in a simple archive (.a type) that is built into your application by the linker, and loaded with it when it runs. Secondly, it can be in a shared object file (.so type) which is loaded into memory when required by the operating system.
So it does not matter where these files are when you are building your project, only that the compiler and linker can find them when required.
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Nice explanation, thanks.
I need to come up with "flow chart" how QT project actually use the "include this " -
the lowest level would be
C code ... ( what to call this - it will be part or QR .pro (project) file / folder )
header ( declaration )
code (definition )
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The project does not "use the include files". They are putely source code definitions and declarations used by the compiler to build the object file. What hapens in reality is the the compiler reads every file that is (directly or indirectly) named in an #include statement, and builds a new source file that comprises your source code plus all the included text. It then processes that source to create the object file. Each separate object file will then be used as input to the linker, along with all referenced libraries to build the final executable.
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could somebody PLEASE explain to me and help me to understand the error.
I can build and show the dialog object
// build basic dialoog
MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog *MWBD = new MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog();
MWBD->show();
however I cannot access its "ui" and getting the "incomplete error ".
I build a local function and then have access to "ui".
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE
class MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog : public QDialog
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog();
// adds
BT_Utility_Library *BTUL;
QString text;
QString EditText(QString );
QString EditText(QString, QWidget*);
QString EditText(QString, QWidget*, QWidget*);
QString Command(QString );
private:
public:
Ui::MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog *ui;
};
<pre lang="C++">MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog::MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog(QWidget *parent)
: QDialog(parent)
, ui(new Ui::MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
#ifdef TRACE
text = " TASK MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog ";
text += " ";
text += Q_FUNC_INFO;
text += " @ line ";
text += QString::number(__LINE__);
qDebug() << text;
ui->textEdit->append(text);
#endif
text = " Constructor...";
ui->textEdit->append(" Constructor..."); }
MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog::~MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog()
{
delete ui;
}
// build basic dialoog
MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog *MWBD = new MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog();
MWBD->show();
// add function to bypass "INCOMPLETE WHATEVER
text = " add function to bypass INCOMPLETE WHATEVER ";
MWBD->EditText(text);
// TEST ui
MWBD->ui->textEdit->append(text);
this fails with "incomplete error " why ?
Here is full error:
mainwindow.cpp:595:17: error: member access into incomplete type 'Ui::MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog'
MWBD->ui->textEdit->append(text);
^
/mnt/07b7c3f8-0efb-45ab-8df8-2a468771de1f/BT_NOV26_BACKUP/BT_NOV26/FT857_CAT_Bluetooth/BluetoothctldIALOG_Object/Bluetoothctl_Dialog/mainwindow_bluewtoothctl_dialog.h:16:22: note: forward declaration of 'Ui::MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog'
namespace Ui { class MainWindow_Bluewtoothctl_Dialog; }
^
Thanks for your help.
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I think it's telling you that the type represented by ui has not been completely declared.
Make sure you are #including the header files for all the types you are using.
The difficult we do right away...
...the impossible takes slightly longer.
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